Bat skull remains
identified in Barn owl pellets collected from north of Portugal: a - Upper canine of the Western
barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus)
with elongate section and flat inner surface with a sharply defined cingulum; b - lower mandible of the Grey
long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus) with
a salience on the processus angularis in the posterior part; c - a depressed and the dorsal profile of
the European free-tailed bat (Tadarida
teniotis) is straight and almost horizontal. The arrows indicate the
respective distinctive morphological details
The
Barn owl (Tyto alba) is an
opportunistic species which feeds mainly on small mammals but also on birds,
bats, reptiles, amphibians, insects and fishes. With regard to bats, several
studies in Europe suggest that this group constitutes a small portion of the
Barn owl diet representing less than 1% of its prey items. Through the analysis
of 2,934 Barn owl pellets, collected between 2006 and 2014 in 27 sites/nests
located in north Portugal, the remains of six bats belonging to five species
were identified in a total of 9,103 prey items identified: the Western
barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus),
the Grey long-eared bat (Plecotus
austriacus), the Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus
auritus), the European free-tailed bat (Tadarida
teniotis) and the Common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus
pipistrellus). These findings are of great interest as they represent new
data on the Brown longeared bat and European free-tailed bat distributions, and
allow to confirm an historical record of the Western barbastelle in the region.
However,
although the number of items found in Barn owl pellets is residual, the data
collected for bats may represent very important contributions, particularly for
rare species, such as Western barbastelle, or species classified with the conservationist
status of “data deficiency”, as in the case of Western barbastelle, Brown
long-eared bat and European free-tailed bat. This is of particular relevance,
since even in the most recent Atlas of bats in Portugal the data on the
distribution of some species remain very scarce and incomplete, especially for
species like the Western barbastelle, which is confirmed only in about 10% of
the total of 1,008 10X10km grid cells. Additionally, for bat species that are
difficult or impossible to distinguish by acoustic methods, such as Brown
long-eared bat, less than 2% of the referred grids were confirmed.
Those
interested can read the full article here